In cold areas or in winter,
diesel generator sets are often difficult to start due to low temperatures, and even cause equipment failures. In low temperature environments, problems such as increased oil viscosity, decreased battery performance, and poor fuel atomization are superimposed, posing severe challenges to the start of the unit. This article combines technical principles and practical experience to analyze the scientific methods and precautions for low-temperature starting.
1. The "triple attack" of low temperature on diesel generator sets
1. Oil "thickening"
Low temperature causes the oil viscosity index to soar, and the fluidity to deteriorate, resulting in insufficient lubrication inside the engine and increased starting resistance. Experimental data show that the viscosity of 5W-40 oil at 0°C increases by more than 60% compared to 25°C.
2. Battery "strike"
The battery capacity decays as the temperature decreases, and the capacity at -10°C is only 70% of that at normal temperature. If improperly maintained, the shell may also rupture due to freezing of the electrolyte.
3. Fuel "burnout"
Diesel viscosity increases at low temperatures, atomization effect deteriorates, and condensed water may clog the filter, resulting in ignition delay or failure.
2. Low-temperature start "four-step method"
1. Before starting: preheating is the key
Oil preheating: Use an electric heating rod to insert the oil pan to raise the oil temperature to above 20°C to reduce starting resistance.
Coolant preheating: Install a water jacket heater to heat the engine 4-6 hours in advance to reduce thermal stress shock.
Intake preheating: Equipped with an intake preheating plug or a flame preheating device to raise the intake temperature to above 80°C and improve the atomization effect.
2. When starting: Operation is particular
Start in stages: The first start time is controlled within 5-8 seconds, and try again after an interval of 2 minutes to avoid excessive discharge of the battery.
Throttle control: The throttle position should be at 1/3 when starting to prevent the speed from soaring and causing engine wear.
3. After starting: Warm-up is essential
Low-load operation: After starting, run at no load for 5-10 minutes, and then gradually load when the water temperature rises to above 40℃.
Observe the instrument: Pay close attention to parameters such as oil pressure, water temperature, exhaust temperature, etc., and stop the machine immediately for inspection when abnormal.
4. Daily maintenance: Take precautions before they happen
Battery insulation: Move the battery indoors, or use an incubator to maintain the temperature above 0℃.
Fuel management: Add -10# to -35# low-condensation diesel, and regularly drain the water at the bottom of the fuel tank.
Filter inspection: Check the fuel filter every 200 hours in a low-temperature environment to prevent ice crystal clogging.
III. "Taboo" behavior for low-temperature starting
Open flame baking is prohibited: It may cause the fuel tank to explode or the body to deform, and special heating equipment should be used.
Avoid frequent starting: The interval between continuous starts should exceed 5 minutes to prevent the starter from overheating and burning.
Do not operate with "disease": If you find abnormalities such as abnormal noise or smoke, stop the machine immediately for inspection to prevent small problems from turning into major failures.
IV. "Black Technology" in Extreme Environments
Low-temperature starting fluid: Starting fluid containing ether can reduce the self-ignition temperature of diesel, but it should be used with caution to avoid excessive use and explosion.
Automatic preheating system: High-end units can be equipped with a timed preheating controller to preset the start time in advance to achieve "on-point use".
Conclusion
Low-temperature starting of diesel generator sets must follow the four-step method of "preheating-stage start-warm-up-maintenance", and select auxiliary devices based on the characteristics of the equipment. Through scientific operation, the success rate of one-time start can be significantly improved and the life of the equipment can be extended. If you operate the unit in extremely cold areas, it is recommended to conduct low-temperature adaptability drills regularly to ensure that the emergency power supply can be "called and ready to fight".
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